China, one of the four oldest civilizations in the world, has a written history of 4,000 years and boasts rich cultural relics and historical sites. It is the inventor of compass, paper-making, gunpowder and printing. The Great Wall, Grand Canal and Karez irrigation system are three great ancient engineering projects built 2,000 years ago. Now they are the symbols of the rich culture of the Chinese nation. China boasts a total land area of 9.6 million Km2, across four time zones. Beijing, the capital of China, is located in the Eastern 8th Zone,  "Beijing Time" is the considered to be the standard for the whole country.

The People's Republic of China is a unified, multi-national country, comprising 56 nationalities. The Han people make up 91.02 percent of the total population, leaving 8.98 percent for the other 55 ethnic minorities. All nationalities in China are equal according to the law.Chinese Money is called Renminbi (RMB) and the popular unit of RMB is Yuan (1Yuan = Rs.12).

China lies mainly in the northern temperate zone under the influence of monsoon causing dry and cold winter in the country and a temperature difference of 40 degree centigrade between the north and south. The temperature in China in the winter is 5 to 18 degree centigrade. Great differences in climate are found from region to region owing to China's extensive territory and complex topography..
Ancient China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization and it has one of the world's oldest and continuous civilizations, consisting of states and cultures dating back more than six millennia. It has the world's longest continuously used written language system, and is the source of many major inventions.. The first evidence of human presence in the region was estimated to have lived approximately from 300,000 to 550,000 years ago.

The economy of the People's Republic of China is a rapidly developing socialist market economy, and is the second largest in the world after that of the United States with a GDP of $7.8 trillion (2008). It is the third largest in the world after the US and Japan with a nominal GDP of US$4.4 trillion (2008).

China has been the fastest-growing major nation for the past quarter of a century with an average annual GDP growth rate above 10%. China's per capita income has grown at an average annual rate of more than 8% over the last three decades drastically reducing poverty, but this rapid growth has been accompanied by rising income inequalities. Although China has acquired some highly sophisticated production facilities through trade and also has built a number of advanced engineering plants capable of manufacturing an increasing range of sophisticated equipment, including satellites, most of its industrial output.